Browse: Departments Dates Agencies
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Federal Communications Commission
CFR Citation: 47 CFR Part 76
Docket ID: [MB Docket No. 07-42; FCC 07-208]
NOTICE: RULES
DOCUMENT ACTION: Final rule.
SUBJECT CATEGORY: Leased Commercial Access
DATES: The amendments contained in this final rule are effective as follows:
Revised Sec. 76.970 is effective May 28, 2008 except for paragraph (j)(3) which contains information collection requirements that have not been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The Federal Communications Commission will publish a document announcing the effective date upon OMB approval of those collection requirements.
Section 76.972 is effective March 31, 2008 except for paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (g) which contain information collection requirements that have not been approved by OMB and paragraph (f) which contains requirements related to those information collection requirements. The Federal Communications Commission will publish a document announcing the effective date upon OMB approval of those collection requirements.
Amendments to Sec. 76.975 are effective March 31, 2008 except for paragraphs (d), (e), (g), and (h)(4) which contain information collection requirements that have not been approved by OMB and paragraphs (b), (c), and (f) which contain requirements related to those information collection requirements. The Federal Communications Commission will publish a document announcing the effective date upon OMB approval of those collection requirements.
Section 76.978, as added in this rule, contains information collection requirements that have not been approved by OMB. The Federal Communications Commission will publish a document announcing the effective date upon OMB approval of those collection requirements.
DOCUMENT SUMMARY: In this document, the Commission modifies the leased access rate formula; adopts customer service obligations that require minimal standards and equal treatment of leased access programmers with other programmers; eliminates the requirement for an independent accountant to review leased access rates; requires annual reporting of leased access statistics; adopts expedited time frames for resolution of complaints and modifies the discovery process.
SUMMARY: Leased Commercial Access,
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
This is a summary of the Commission's Report and Order (``Order''), FCC 07208, adopted on November 27, 2007, and released on February 1, 2008. The full text of this document is available for public inspection and copying during regular business hours in the FCC Reference Center, Federal Communications Commission, 445 12th Street, SW., CYA257, Washington, DC 20554. This document will also be available via ECFS (http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/ecfs/). (Documents will be available electronically in ASCII, Word 97, and/or Adobe Acrobat.) The complete text may be purchased from the Commission's copy contractor, 445 12th Street, SW., Room CYB402, Washington, DC 20554. To request this document in accessible formats (computer diskettes, large print, audio recording, and Braille), send an email to fcc504@fcc.gov or call the Commission's Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau at (202) 4180530 (voice), (202) 4180432 (TTY).In addition to filing comments with the Office of the Secretary, a copy of any comments on the proposed information collection requirements contained herein should be submitted to Cathy Williams, Federal Communications Commission, 445 12th St., SW., Room 1C823, Washington, DC 20554, or via the Internet at PRA@fcc.gov. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 Analysis
This document contains new and modified information collection
requirements. The Commission will send the requirements to OMB for
review. The Commission, as part of its continuing effort to reduce
paperwork burdens, will invite the general public to comment on the
information collection requirements as required by the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 10413. In addition, pursuant to the
Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, Public Law 107198, see 44
U.S.C. 3506(c)(4), we sought specific comment on how we might ``further
reduce the information collection burden for small business concerns
with fewer than 25 employees.'' In this present document, we have
assessed the potential effects of the various policy changes with
regard to information collection burdens on small business concerns,
and we find that these requirements will benefit many companies with
fewer than 25 employees by facilitating the use of leased access
channels and by promoting the fair and expeditious resolution of leased access complaints.
Summary of the Report and Order
I. Introduction
1. In this Report and Order, we modify the Commission's leased access rules. With respect to leased access, we modify the leased access rate formula; adopt customer service obligations that require minimal standards and equal treatment of leased access programmers with other programmers; eliminate the requirement for an independent accountant to review leased access rates; and require annual reporting of leased access statistics. We also adopt expedited time frames for resolution of complaints and improve the discovery process. Finally, we seek comment in a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on whether we should apply our new rate methodology to programmers that predominantly transmit sales presentations or program length commercials. II. Commercial Leased Access Rules
A. Background
2. The commercial leased access requirements are set forth in Section 612 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended
(``Communications Act''). The statute and corresponding leased access
rules require a cable operator to set aside channel capacity for
commercial use by unaffiliated video programmers. In implementing the
statutory directive to determine maximum reasonable rates for leased
access, the Commission adopted a maximum rate formula for fulltime
carriage on programming tiers based on the ``average implicit fee''
that other programmers are implicitly charged for carriage to permit
the operator to recover its costs and earn a profit. The Commission
also adopted a maximum rate for a la carte services based on the
``highest implicit fee'' that other a la carte services implicitly pay, and a prorated rate for parttime programming.
B. Customer Service Standards and Equitable Contract Terms
3. In this Order, we adopt uniform customer service standards to address the treatment of leased access programmers and potential leased access programmers by cable system operators. In order to make the leased access carriage process more efficient, we adopt new customer service standards, in addition to the existing standards. These standards are designed to ensure that leased access programmers are not discouraged from pursuing their statutory right to the designated commercial leased access channels, to facilitate communication of these rights and obligations to potential programmers, and to ensure a smooth process for gaining information about a cable system's available channels. We require cable system operators to maintain a contact name, telephone number and email address on its website, and make available by telephone, a designated person to respond to requests for information about leased access channels. We also require cable system operators to maintain a brief explanation of the leased access statute and regulations on its website. Within three business days of a request for information, a cable system operator shall provide the prospective leased access programmers with the following information: (1) The process for requesting leased access channels; (2) The geographic levels of service that are technically possible; (3) The number and location and time periods available for each leased access channel; (4) Whether the leased access channel is currently being occupied; (5) A complete schedule of the operator's statutory maximum fulltime and parttime leased access rates; (6) A comprehensive schedule showing how those rates were calculated; (7) Rates associated with technical and studio costs; (8) Electronic programming guide information; (9) The available methods of programming delivery and the instructions, technical requirements and costs for each method; (10) A comprehensive sample leased access contract that includes uniform terms and conditions such as tier and channel placement, contract terms and conditions, insurance requirements, length of contract, termination provisions and electronic guide availability; and (11) Information regarding prospective launch dates for the leased access programming. In addition to the customer service standards, we adopt penalties for ensuring compliance with these standards. We emphasize that the leased access customer service standards adopted herein are ``minimum'' standards. We cannot anticipate each and every instance of interaction between cable operators and leased access programmers.
[[Page 10677]]
4. Maintenance of Contact Information. We require every cable system operator to maintain, on its website, a contact name, telephone number, and email of an individual designated by the cable system operator to respond to requests for information about leased access channels. One of the more basic elements necessary to permit potential programmers reasonable access to cable systems is ready availability of a contact name, telephone number, and email address of a cable system operator that the programmer can use to reach the appropriate person in the cable system to begin the process for requesting access to the system. While the physical location of a person designated as the leased access contact should not be critical in the relationship between the potential programmer and the cable system operator, the identity of that person and the ease of access to him are critical. Other aspects of the rules we adopt here deal with expeditious and full responses to leased access requests. The fact that the designated person is located some distance away should not affect the timeliness and substance of responses.
5. Timing for Response. We amend our rules to require a cable system operator to respond to a request for information from a leased access programmer within three business days. We retain the 30day response period currently provided in Section 76.970(i)(2) of the Commission's rules for cable systems that have been granted small system special relief. The identity of a designated person by the cable system operator who the potential programmer can contact is important only if that person replies quickly and fully to the requests of the programmer. Our current rules provide for a 15 day response by cable system operators to a request by a potential programmer. That response must include information on channel capacity available, the applicable rates, and a sample contract if requested. That response time is unnecessarily long and, as discussed below, the information is inadequate. Cable operators must have leased access channel information available in order to be able to comply with the statute and our rules. It does not take 15 days to provide a copy of that information to a potential leased access programmer. Three business days to reply to a request for such information is more than adequate. Accordingly, we are amending the response time permitted a cable system operator to three business days. We are also providing a more detailed list of information the operator must provide upon request within that time period. All of the information required to be provided is necessary for a potential leased access programmer to be able to file a bona fide request for carriage. There is no reason to delay providing the leased access programmer with the information it needs to take the necessary steps to obtain access.
6. Process for Requesting Leased Access Channels. We require a cable system operator within three business days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer with the process for requesting leased access channels. One element of the information the cable system operator must make available to the potential programmer within three business days of a request is an explanation of the cable system operator's process for requesting leased access channels. Accordingly, we are requiring that the cable system operator include an explanation of the operator's process and procedures for requesting leased access channels.
7. Geographic Levels of Service that Are Technically Possible. We require a cable system operator within three business days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer with the geographic levels of service that are technically possible. Commenters complain that cable system operators make available only limited levels of service. Typically, the service offered is defined by the size of the headend. We will not require, at this time, the operator to allow the leased access programmer to serve discrete communities smaller than the area served by a headend if they are not doing the same with other programmers. We acknowledge that with the consolidation of headends, programmers may be forced to purchase larger areas at higher costs than they would prefer. We will monitor developments in this area, and may revisit this issue if circumstances warrant. However, we will require cable system operators to clearly set out in their responses to programmers what geographic and subscriber levels of service they offer.
8. Number, Location, and Time Periods Available for Each Leased Access Channel. We require a cable system operator within three business days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer with the number, location, and time periods available for each leased access channel. Our current leased access channel placement standards provide that programmers be given access to tiers that have subscriber penetration of more than 50 percent. 47 CFR 76.971(a)(1) We will not change that requirement, but we will expand on the current requirement relating to capacity in Section 76.970(i) to require cable system operators to provide, in their replies to requests from programmers, the specific number and location and time periods available for each leased access channel. This greater degree of certainty should assist programmers in their evaluations.
9. Explanation of Currently Available and Occupied Leased Access Channels. We require a cable system operator within three business days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer with an explanation of currently available and occupied leased access channels. Section 612 of the Communications Act imposes specific requirements on cable operators with regard to leased access. 47 U.S.C. 532. It is inherent in these obligations to be able to provide timely and accurate information to prospective leased access programmers. Within three business days of a request by a current or potential leased access programmer, a cable operator shall provide information documenting: (1) The number of channels that the cable operator is required to designate for commercial leased access use pursuant to Section 612(b)(1); (2) the current availability of those channels for leased access programming on a full or parttime basis; (3) the tier on which each leased access channel is located; (4) the number of customers subscribing to each tier containing leased access channels; (5) whether those channels are currently programmed with nonleased access programming; and (6) how quickly leased access channel capacity can be made available to the prospective leased access programmer. We believe this information is vital to enable leased access programmers to make an informed decision regarding whether to pursue leased access negotiations with a cable operator. Provision of this information will also benefit cable operators by timely informing leased access programmers of current leased access timing and availability, and thereby eliminating leased access requests that cannot be accommodated by existing leased access availability.
10. Schedule and Calculation of Leased Access Rates. We require a
cable system operator within three business days of a request to
provide a prospective leased access programmer with a schedule and
calculation of its leased access rates. As with information regarding
available and occupied leased access channels, we believe Section 612
imposes on cable operators the obligation to provide a timely and accurate explanation of its leased access
[[Page 10678]]
rates to prospective leased access programmers. Accordingly, within
three business days of a request by a current or potential leased
access programmer, a cable operator shall provide information
documenting the schedule of all leased access rates (full and part
time) available on the cable system. Cable operators must attach to
this schedule a separate calculation detailing how each rate was
derived pursuant to the revised rate formula adopted herein. This
information will assist leased access programmers in determining
whether leased access capacity on a given cable system is economically
feasible. In addition, the rate calculations will further assist leased
access programmers in determining whether particular cable operators are complying with their leased access obligations.
11. Explanation of Any Rates Associated with Technical or Studio Costs. Included in the customer standards we are adopting today is a requirement that a cable operator provide a prospective leased access programmer, within three business days of a request, with a list of fees for providing technical support or studio assistance to the leased access programmer along with an explanation of such fees and how they were calculated. We note that our rules require leased access providers to reimburse cable operators ``for the reasonable cost of any technical support the operators actually provide.'' 47 CFR 76.971(c) Further, our rate calculation includes technical costs common to all programmers so that cable operators may not impose a separate charge for technical support they already provide to nonleased access programmers. Second Report and Order, 12 FCC Rcd at 5324, para. 114. At this time, we will not prescribe an hourly rate for technical support, but instead will monitor the effectiveness of the new customer standards that require that cable operators list up front any technical fees along with an explanation of the fee calculation. If leased access programmers have continued problems with high technical or studio cost, we will consider implementing a more specific solution.
12. Programming Guide Information. We require a cable system operator within three business days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer with all relevant information for obtaining carriage on the program guide(s) provided on the operator's system. Moreover, we expressly require that, if a cable operator does not charge nonleased access programmers for carriage of their program information on a programming guide, the cable operator cannot charge leased access programmers for such service. Because of the dynamic nature of leased access programming, we believe that it would be impracticable to impose a requirement on cable operators to include all leased access listings in their programming guides. However, we believe that, in situations where time permits and the leased access programming information is submitted as reasonably required by the cable operators, cable operators must ensure that leased access programming information is incorporated in its program guide to the same extent that it does so for nonleased access programmers. In order to accomplish this, cable operators are required to provide potential leased access programmers with all relevant information for obtaining carriage on the program guide(s) provided on the operator's system. This information shall include the requirements necessary for a leased access programmer to have its programming included in the programming guide(s) that serve the tier of service on which the leased access provider contracts for carriage. At a minimum, the cable operator must provide: (1) The format in which leased access programming information must be provided to the cable operator for inclusion in the appropriate programming guide; (2) the content requirements for such information; (3) the time by which such programming information must be received for inclusion in the programming guide; and (4) the additional cost, if any, related to carriage of the leased access programmer's information on the programming guide. We expressly require that, if a cable operator does not charge nonleased access programmers for carriage of their program information on a programming guide, the cable operator cannot charge leased access programmers for such service.
13. Methods of Programming Delivery. We require a cable system operator within three business days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer with available information regarding all acceptable, standard methods for delivering leased access programming to the cable operator. Because of the variable circumstances experienced by each cable system, we cannot establish a list of acceptable, standard delivery methods for leased access programming applicable to all cable systems. However, we believe that it incumbent upon a cable operator to provide prospective leased access programmers with sufficient information to be able to gauge the relative difficulty and expense of delivering its programming for carriage by the cable operator. A cable operator must make available information to leased access programmers regarding all acceptable, standard methods for delivering leased access programming to the cable operator. For each method of acceptable, standard delivery, the cable operator shall provide detailed instructions for the timing of delivery, the place of delivery, the cable operator employee(s) responsible for receiving delivery of leased access programming, all technical requirements and obligations imposed on the leased access programmer, and the total cost involved with each acceptable, standard delivery method that will be assessed by the cable operator. We clarify, however, that cable operators must give reasonable consideration to any delivery method suggested by a leased access programmer. A leased access programmer that is denied the opportunity to deliver its programming via a reasonable method may file a complaint with the Commission. In such complaint proceeding, the burden of proof shall be on the cable operator to demonstrate that its denial was reasonable given the unique circumstances of its cable system.
14. Comprehensive Sample Leased Access Carriage Contract. We require a cable system operator within three business days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer with a comprehensive sample leased access carriage contract. We also require a cable system operator in its leased access carriage contract to apply the same uniform standards, terms, and conditions to leased access programmers as it applies to its other programmers.
15. We do not intend by this requirement to infringe the freedom of
contract of either party and expressly clarify that neither the cable
operator nor the prospective leased access programmer need abide by any
of the terms and conditions set forth in the sample contract. Instead,
we believe that the provision of such agreements by cable operators
serve to inform leased access programmers of terms and conditions that
are generally acceptable to the cable operator and will be a useful
first step in the initiation of leased access negotiations.
Accordingly, within three business days of a request by a current or
potential leased access programmer, a cable operator shall provide a
copy of a sample leased access carriage contract setting forth what the cable operator considers to be the
[[Page 10679]]
standard terms and conditions for a leased access carriage agreement.
16. As discussed below, we also require cable system operators to apply the same uniform standards, terms, and conditions to leased access programmers as it applies to its other programmers. Rather than dictate specific reasonable terms and conditions, we require that cable system operators apply the same uniform standards, terms, and conditions to leased access programmers as it applies to its other programmers.
17. The Commission has stated in the past that the reasonableness of specific terms and conditions will be determined on a casebycase basis, but set broad guidelines for tier placement and a general standard of reasonableness for contract terms and conditions.
18. We will continue to address complaints about specific contract terms and conditions on a casebycase basis. We emphasize that in all cases, the Commission will evaluate any complaints pursuant to a reasonableness standard. We also clarify that a cable system operator may not continue to include terms and conditions in new contracts that previously have been held to be unreasonable by the Commission. Not only are our orders binding on the affected parties to a leased access complaint, but unless and until an order is stayed or reversed by the Commission, a cable system operator is under an obligation to follow the Commission's rules and precedent in setting its practices, terms, and conditions.
19. Because we do not think that every potential leased access programmer should be required to file a complaint to determine if every term in its contract is reasonable, we will require the cable operator to provide, along with its standard leased access contract, an explanation and justification, including a cost breakdown, for any terms and conditions that require the payment or deposit of funds. This includes insurance and deposit requirements, any fees for handling or delivery, and any other technical or equipment fees, such as tape insertion fees. This will allow the leased access programmer to determine whether the cost is reasonable and expedite any review by the Commission. We believe that requiring a cable operator to provide an explanation and justification for such a fee will encourage cable operators to impose only reasonable fees or, at least, facilitate the filing of a leased access complaint demonstrating that such a fee is unreasonable.
20. With regard to nonmonetary terms and conditions, such as channel and tier placement, targeted programming, access to electronic program guides, VOD, etc., we similarly require the cable operator to provide, along with its standard leased access contract, an explanation and justification of its policy. For example, with regard to the geographic scope of carriage, if a leased access programmer requests to have its programming targeted to a finite group of subscribers based on community location, unless the operator agrees to the request, it must not provide such limited carriage to other programmers or channels. To the extent the cable operator denies the request for limited carriage, the cable operator must provide an explanation as to why it is technically infeasible to provide such carriage. If limited carriage is technically feasible, the cable operator must provide a fee and cost breakdown for such carriage for comparison with similar coverage provided for nonleased access programmers.
21. Similarly, with regard to tier placement and channel location, we require the cable operator to provide, along with its standard leased access contract, an explanation and justification of its policy regarding placement of a leased access programmer on a particular channel as well as an explanation and justification for the cable operator's policy for relocating leased access channels. To the extent a request for a particular channel is denied, the cable operator must provide a detailed explanation and justification for its decision.
22. Launch Date. We require a cable system operator within three business days of a request to provide a prospective leased access programmer with information regarding prospective launch dates for the leased access programmer. Moreover, we require cable operators to launch leased access programmers within a reasonable amount of time. We consider 3560 days after the negotiation is finalized to be a reasonable amount of time for launch of a programmer, unless the parties come to a different agreement. We note that this time frame affords cable operators sufficient time to satisfy the requirement, if applicable, to provide subscribers with 30days written notice in advance of any changes in programming services or channel positions. C. Response to Bona Fide Proposals for Leased Access
23. We adopt rules to ensure that cable system operators respond to proposals for leased access in a timely manner and do not unreasonably delay negotiations for leased access. To address this concern, after the cable system operator provides the information requested above, in order to be considered for carriage on a leased access channel, we require a leased access programmer to submit a proposal for carriage by submitting a written proposal that includes the following information: (1) The desired length of a contract term; (2) The tier, channel and time slot desired; (3) The anticipated commencement date for carriage; (4) The nature of the programming; (5) The geographic and subscriber level of service requested; and (6) Proposed changes to the sample contract. The cable system operator must respond to the proposal by accepting the proposed terms or offering alternative terms within 10 days. This same response deadline will apply until an agreement is reached or negotiations fail.
24. Failure to provide the requested information will result in the
issuance of a notice of apparent liability (``NAL'') including a
forfeiture in the amount of $500.00 per day. A potential leased access
programmer need not file a formal leased access complaint pursuant to
Section 76.975 of the Commission's rules in order to bring a violation
of our customer service standards to our attention. Rather, the
programmer may notify the Commission either orally or in writing, and
where necessary the Commission will submit a Letter of Inquiry
(``LOI'') to the cable operator to obtain additional information. A
cable system which is found to have failed to respond on time with the
required information will be issued an NAL. The same process and
forfeiture amount will apply for the failure to timely respond to a
proposal as for the failure to comply with an information request. We
rely on our general enforcement authority under Section 503 of the
Communications Act to impose forfeitures in appropriate cases. See 47 U.S.C. 503
D. Leased Access Rates
1. Maximum Rate for Leasing a Full Channel
25. Background. The Commission's current rules calculate leased
access rates for all tiers that have subscriber penetration of more
than 50 percent. Upon request, cable operators generally must place
leased access programmers on such a tier. To determine the average
implicit fee for a fulltime channel on a tier with a subscriber
penetration over 50 percent, an operator first calculates the total amount it receives in subscriber revenue per month for the
[[Page 10680]]
programming on all such tiers, and then subtracts the total amount it
pays in programming costs per month for such tiers (the ``implicit fee
calculation''). A weighting scheme that accounts for differences in the
number of subscribers and channels on all such tier(s) is used to
determine how much of the total will be recovered from a particular
tier. To calculate the average implicit fee per channel, the implicit
fee for the tier is divided by the number of channels on the tier. The
final result is the rate per month that the operator may charge the
leased access programmer for a fulltime channel on that tier. Where
the leased access programmer agrees to carriage on a tier with less
than 50 percent penetration, the average implicit fee is determined
using subscriber revenues and programming costs for only that tier. The
implicit fee for fulltime channel placement as an a la carte service
is based upon the revenue received by the cable operator for nonleased access a la carte channels on its system.
26. In this Order we modify the method for determining the leased access rate for fulltime carriage on a tier. We harmonize the rate methodology for carriage on tiers with more than 50% subscriber penetration and carriage on tiers with lower levels of penetration by calculating the leased access rate based upon the characteristics of the tier on which the leased access programming will be placed. Cable operators will calculate a leased access rate for each cable system on a tierbytier basis which will adequately compensate the operator for the net revenue that is lost when a leased access programmer displaces an existing program channel on the cable system. In addition, the Order sets a maximum allowable leased access rate of $0.10 per subscriber per month to ensure that leased access remains a viable outlet for programmers. At this time we leave the method for calculating rates for a la carte carriage unchanged.
27. As an initial matter, we conclude that we will not apply this new rate methodology to programmers that predominantly transmit sales presentations or program length commercials. These programmers often ``pay'' for carriageeither directly or through some form of revenue sharing with the cable operator. In our previous Order, we set the leased access rate for a la carte programmers at the ``highest implicit fee'' partly out of a concern that lower rates would simply lead these programmers to migrate to leased access if it were less expensive than what they are currently ``paying'' for carriage. Such a migration would not add to the diversity of voices and would potentially financially harm the cable system. Similarly, we do not wish to set the leased access rates at a point at which programmers that predominantly transmit sales presentations or program length commercials simply migrate to leased access because it is less expensive than their current commercial arrangements. We will seek comment in the Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on whether leased access is affordable at current rates to programmers that predominantly transmit sales presentations or program length commercials and whether reduced rates would simply cause migration of existing services to leased access. 2. The Marginal Implicit Fee
28. The purposes of Section 612 are ``to promote competition in the delivery of diverse sources of video programming and to assure that the widest possible diversity of information sources are made available to the public from cable systems in a manner consistent with growth and development of cable systems.'' Because Section 612 also requires that the price, terms and conditions for leased access be ``at least sufficient to assure that such use will not adversely affect the operation, financial condition or market development of the cable system,'' the Commission is faced with balancing the interests of leased access programmers with those of cable operators. We believe that our method provides a cable operator with a leased access rate that will allow the operator to replace an existing channel from its cable system with a leased access channel without experiencing a loss in net revenue. While we do not believe that our method for determining leased access rates will result in cable operators experiencing any loss in net revenue, the relevant statutory provision does not require such a finding. As explained above, Section 612(c)(1) provides that the ``prices, terms and conditions'' of use must be ``at least sufficient to assure that such use will not adversely affect the operation, financial condition, or market development of the cable system.'' We interpret this provision to restrict ``prices, terms, and conditions'' of leased access use that materially affect the financial health of a cable system. We do not interpret the provision to require that cable operators experience no loss in revenue whatsoever as a result of leased access use. Thus, even if we were to conclude that our method for determining leased access rates would have some impact on cable operators' revenue, we would still adopt this method because we are confident that any impact on operators'' revenue would not be of sufficient magnitude to materially affect the financial health of cable systems. In addition, since we are required to balance the revenue requirement of cable operators and that of leased access programmers, we will assume that the cable operator will elect to replace a channel which does not generate a significant amount of the total net revenue of the system. We refer to this channel as the marginal channel and use the marginal implicit fee to determine leased access rates. Our method was intended to promote the goals of competition and diversity of programming sources while doing so in a manner consistent with growth and development of cable systems.
29. Based on the wide variance between the actual use of leased access and the goals stated in the law, it appears that the current ``average implicit fee'' formula for tiered leased access channels yields fees that are higher than the statute mandates, resulting in an underutilization of leased access channels. According to the Commission's most recent annual cable price survey, cable systems on average carry only 0.7 leased access channels. Because our Rules are not achieving their intended purpose, we are revisiting decisions made in the Second Report and Order establishing the maximum leased access rates in order to make the leased access channels a more viable outlet for programming. Throughout its implementation of Section 612, the Commission has recognized that the Rules adopted would need refinement as specifics regarding how the leased access rules were functioning became available.
30. Due to the variances in channel lineups and tier prices of cable systems, in most instances, a flat rate would either over or undercompensate cable operators. As discussed below, however, we will set a cap on the maximum rate that cable operators may charge in order to prevent the construction of tiers in a manner that makes leased access rates excessively high.
31. We agree with Shop NBC's assertion that the average implicit
fee overcompensates cable operators because it reflects the average
value of a channel to the cable operator instead of the value of the
channel replaced. We will make adjustments to the rate calculations
that should lower prices by using the marginal implicit fee rather than
the average. The result is intended to promote the goals of leased access by providing more affordable opportunities
[[Page 10681]]
for programmers without creating an artificially low rate.
32. The legislative history provides that the leased access provisions are ``aimed at assuring that cable channels are available to enable program suppliers to furnish programming when the cable operator may elect not to provide that service as part of the program offerings he makes available to subscribers'' To promote this legislative purpose the Commission should set the leased access rates as low as possible consistent with the requirement to avoid any negative financial impact on the cable operator. One may assume that the cable operator, faced with a requirement to free up a channel for leased access, would have its own incentives to elect to replace one of the channels with the lowest implicit fee. But even if this is not the case, the discussion above suggests that the Commission should set its rules to encourage such a result. This dictates, at least in principle, the use of the lowest implicit fee, which we refer to as the ``marginal implicit fee.'' And it supports the conclusion that the current ``average implicit fee'' criterion for tiered channels is higher than warranted by the statute and may be impeding, rather than promoting, the goals of competition and diversity of programming sources. These rules provide cable operators a higher return for lost channel capacity than the value the cable operator would have received if the channel was not used for leased access programming. The ``average implicit fee'' is calculated based on the average value of all of the channels in a tier instead of the value of the channels most likely to be replaced. We will adopt a method which eliminates this excess recovery. This method remains faithful to the statutory requirements while more appropriately balancing the interests of cable operators and leased access programmers.
3. The Cable Operator's Net Revenue From a Cable Channel
33. Cable channels are sold in bundles of channels known as tiers. It is therefore not possible to directly observe the revenue per subscriber a cable operator earns from carrying an individual channel included in a tier. We therefore approximate the revenue earned by those channels on the tier. To do so we assume that the revenue generated by each channel is directly proportional to the per subscriber affiliation fee paid by the cable operator to the programmer. The first step in the calculation is to determine this factor of proportionality which we refer to as the markup. To do so, the cable operator will take the total subscriber revenue for the programming tier at issue and divide by the total of the affiliation fees that the cable operator pays to the programmers for the channels on that tier. For the purposes of defining the price of a tier and the channels on the tier we adopt the incremental approach in cases where the cost and channels of one tier are implicitly incorporated into larger tiers. For example, when the expanded basic tier incorporates the basic tier, the expanded basic tier price is the retail price of the expanded basic tier less the retail price of the basic tier and the channels on the expanded basic tier are those that are not available on the basic tier. A similar adjustment is required of other tiers which are not sold on an incremental basis. This calculation will generate the markup of channels that are sold on the tier. The gross revenue per subscriber due to carriage of a specific channel on the tier is then simply the per subscriber affiliation fee paid to the programmer for the specific channel multiplied by the markup. It is our understanding that some programming contracts specify a single rate for a group, or bundle, of channels. In these cases, for the purposes of determining the per subscriber affiliation fee for one of the bundled channels, the fee in the contract shall be allocated in its entirety to the highest rated network in the bundle. The net revenue per subscriber earned by the cable operator from the channel is the difference between the gross revenue per subscriber and the per subscriber affiliation fee paid by the cable operator. This value represents the implicit fee for the channel.
4. The Net Revenue of the Marginal Channel
34. The net revenue per subscriber is the reduction in profit a cable operator would experience if it did not carry the channel in question. In our previous method for calculating leased access rates the calculation was based the average net revenue of all channels carried by the cable operator. In our new method, we base the leased access rate on the net revenue of the least profitable channels voluntarily carried by the cable operators on the tier where the leased access programming will be carried. We do so because this represents an approximation of the minimum net revenue a network must generate in order for the cable operator to consider carrying it on the tier. As mentioned, we examine the net revenue of channels that are voluntarily carried by the cable operator. From this calculation we exclude channels whose carriage is mandated by statute, regulation, or franchise agreement. These mandated channels consist of broadcast stations that are subject to the mustcarry rules as well as public, educational, and governmental (``PEG'') channels that are carried pursuant to a franchise agreement. In addition, broadcaster's multi cast channels are also excluded from the marginal channels. Our goal is to base the leased access rate on the net revenue of channels which are subject to free market negotiations over the carriage decision and affiliation fee. It is the net revenue of these types of channels which provides an indication of the net revenue that would be forgone when a cable operator devotes channel capacity to a leased access programmer since the cable operator would be unable to displace a broadcast station or PEG channel.
35. We identify the least profitable, or marginal, channels using the fraction of activated channels that a cable operator is statutorily required to make available for commercial leased access. The leased access rate is the mean value of net revenue earned by the lowest earning channels on the tier, up to the designated leased access fraction of qualifying channels on the tier. For example, in the case of a cable system with 100 activated channels and 40 channels on the expanded basic tier, the mean value of the net revenue of the 6 channels with the lowest net revenue will be the leased access rate for carriage on the expanded basic tier. We use the mean rather than the minimum value because use of the minimum would undercompensate the cable operator if more than one leased access channel was carried because, presumably, all channels other than the minimum earn higher net revenues. Use of the mean ensures that if the cable operator carries the statutory maximum number of leased access channels by displacing the lowest earning channels on its system, the cable operator will be fully compensated for lost revenue.
36. Appendix B of this Order presents an example of the calculation of the leased access rates for a hypothetical cable system. 5. Determining the Maximum Allowable Leased Access Rate
37. We recognize that our tierbased calculation method may lead to
inequitable results in situations when a tier carries only a few non
mandated programming networks in combination with a large amount of
mandated programming. This may create incentives among cable operators
to design programming tiers that are unaffordable for leased access [[Page 10682]]
programmers. Such an outcome would contravene our statutory directive.
Therefore we institute a maximum allowable rate based upon industry
wide cable operator programming costs and revenues. This will ensure
that leased access programmers can reach consumers in all areas of the
country. We will permit cable operators to seek a waiver of the maximum
allowable rate to ensure no unreasonable financial burden is put on any
cable operator. The maximum allowable leased access rate will apply to
carriage on any tier in which the operatorspecific leased access rate for the tier exceeds the maximum allowable rate.
38. We take several approaches to calculating this maximum rate. For example, we calculate the maximum rate utilizing a methodology based on persubscriber affiliation fees that compensates systems that must vacate a channel in order to provide capacity to a commercial leased access programmer. We also calculate the maximum allowable leased access rate using a method that follows the one used to calculate the systemspecific rates. In both cases, maximum rates for each of the analog and digital tiers are no greater than $0.10 per subscriber per month. The methods are detailed in Appendix B. Therefore, the maximum leased access rate will not exceed $0.10 per subscriber per month for any cable system.
39. Cable operators may petition the Commission to exceed the maximum allowable leased access rates. A petition for relief must present specific facts justifying the system's specific leased access rate and provide an alternative rate which equitably balances the revenue requirements of the cable operator with the public interest goals of the leased access statute. Our presumption is that the mean value of the net revenue of the marginal networks, including those currently earning no license fee, provides the most reasonable approximation of the revenue which is forgone when a cable operator carries leased access programming.
6. Effective Date of New Rate Regulations
40. We recognize that the industry should receive an appropriate amount of time to review and to take steps to comply with the new rate regulations set forth above. Section 76.970(j)(3), which contains new or modified information collection requirements that have not been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), is effective upon OMB approval. Section 76.970 is effective May 28, 2008 or upon OMB approval of Sec. 76.970(j)(3), whichever is later. After OMB approval is received, the Commission will publish a document in the Federal Register announcing the effective date of the rules requiring OMB approval and those whose effective date was delayed pending OMB approval of other rules.
E. Expedited Process
41. As explained below, we do not change the current pleading cycle for leased access complaints set forth in Section 76.975 of the Commission's rules, which requires the complaint to be filed with the Commission within 60 days of any alleged violation and the cable operator to submit a response within 30 days from the date of the complaint. The Media Bureau will resolve all leased access complaints within 90 days of the close of the pleading cycle, obtaining additional discovery from the parties as necessary to quickly resolve complaints. Finally, we eliminate the requirement that a complainant alleging that a leased access rate is unreasonable must first receive a determination of the cable operator's maximum permitted rate from an independent accountant.
42. Discussion. We retain our existing pleading cycle for resolution of leased access complaints set forth in Section 76.975 of the Commission's rules, which requires the complaint to be filed with the Commission within 60 days of any alleged violation and the cable operator to submit a response within 30 days from the date of the complaint. We find that our current pleading cycle is not too lengthy, as it is imperative that we receive all the necessary information to resolve the dispute. Although we retain the existing time limits on filing of complaints, we add an exception that the time limit on filing complaints will be suspended if the complainant files a notice with the Commission prior to the expiration of the filing period, stating that it seeks an extension of the filing deadline in order to pursue active negotiations with the cable operator. The cable operator must agree to the extension.
43. The Media Bureau will resolve all leased access complaints within 90 days of the close of the pleading cycle, obtaining additional discovery from the parties as necessary to quickly resolve complaints. As part of the remedy phase of the leased access complaint process, the Media Bureau will have discretion to request that the parties file their best and final offer proposals for the prices, terms, or conditions in dispute. The Commission will have the discretion to adopt one of the proposals or choose to fashion its own remedy. We believe that this expedited process will help to resolve leased access disputes quickly and efficiently and create a body of precedent to encourage private negotiations and the settlement of disputes. If the Media Bureau concludes that the complainant is entitled to access a leased access channel, the Media Bureau's resolution of the complaint will include a launch date for the programming.
44. Elimination of Independent Accountant Requirement. We eliminate the requirement for a complainant alleging that a leased access rate is unreasonable to first obtain a determination of the cable operator's maximum permitted rate from an independent accountant prior to filing a petition for relief with the Commission. While the Commission adopted the independent accountant requirement as a means to ``streamline'' the leased access complaint process, the record reflects that this requirement has not worked as intended. We conclude that the expense, delay, and uncertainty for leased access programmers resulting from the requirement to obtain a determination from an independent accountant are not what the Commission envisioned in attempting to ``streamline'' the leased access complaint process. Furthermore, we believe the new rate methodology we have adopted, along with the requirement to provide rate information and an explanation of how rates were calculated, will result in a simpler and transparent process for leased access rates. We also believe the expedited complaint process and expanded discovery we adopt herein provide leased access programmers with a more efficient process for challenging the commercial leased access rates charged by cable operators. While cable operators argue that the use of an independent accountant is important to protect commercially sensitive financial information, the Protective Order we adopt below will sufficiently safeguard such information.
F. Discovery
45. As discussed below, we adopt expanded discovery rules for
leased access complaints to improve the quality and efficiency of the
Commission's resolution of these complaints. We amend our discovery
rules pertaining to leased access complaints to require respondents to
attach to their answers copies of any documents that they rely on in
their defense; find that in the context of a complaint proceeding, it
would be unreasonable for a respondent not to produce all the documents either
[[Page 10683]]
requested by the complainant or ordered by the Commission, provided
that such documents are in its control and relevant to the dispute,
subject to the protection of confidential material. We emphasize that
the Commission will use its authority to issue default orders granting
a complaint if a respondent fails to comply with reasonable discovery
requests. The respondent shall have the opportunity to object to any
request for documents. Such request shall be heard, and determination
made, by the Commission. The respondent need not produce the disputed
discovery material until the Commission has ruled on the discovery
request. Any party who fails to timely provide discovery requested by
the opposing party to which it has not raised an objection may be
deemed in default and an order may be entered in accordance with the
allegations contained in the complaint, or the complaint may be dismissed with prejudice.
46. Under the current rules, a leased access complainant is entitled, either as part of its complaint or through a motion filed after the respondent's answer is submitted, to request that Commission staff order discovery of any evidence necessary to prove its case. See 47 CFR 76.7(e), (f). Respondents are also free to request discovery. We believe that expanded discovery will improve the quality and efficiency of the Commission's resolution of leased access complaints. Accordingly, we find that it would be unreasonable for a respondent not to produce all the documents either requested by the complainant or ordered by the Commission, provided that such documents are in its control and relevant to the dispute. In reaching this finding, we agree that evidence detailing how the cable operator calculated its leased access rate, as well as the availability of certain contracts for carriage of leased access programming, subject to confidential treatment, are essential for determining whether the cable operator has violated the Commission's leased access rules. The Commission's Rules allow the Commission staff to order production of any documents necessary to the resolution of a leased access complaint. See 47 CFR 76.7(e), (f). The subject discovery may require the production of confidential material, including evidence detailing how the cable operator calculated its leased access rate as well as carriage contracts, subject to our confidentiality rules. While we retain this process for the Commission to order the production of documents and other discovery, we will also allow parties to a leased access complaint to serve requests for discovery directly on opposing parties.
47. Parties to a leased access complaint may serve requests for discovery directly on opposing parties, and file a copy of the request with the Commission. As discussed above, the respondent shall have the opportunity to object to any request for documents that are not in its control or relevant to the dispute. Such request shall be heard, and determination made, by the Commission. Until the objection is ruled upon, the obligation to produce the disputed material is suspended. Any party who fails to timely provide discovery requested by the opposing party to which it has not raised an objection as described above may be deemed in default and an order may be entered in accordance with the allegations contained in the complaint, or the complaint may be dismissed with prejudice.
48. We reiterate that respondents to leased access complaints must produce in a timely manner the contracts and other documentation that are necessary to resolve the complaint, subject to confidential treatment. In order to prevent abuse, the Commission will strictly enforce its default rules against respondents who do not answer complaints thoroughly or do not respond in a timely manner to permissible discovery requests with the necessary documentation attached. Respondents that do not respond in a timely manner to all discovery ordered by the Commission will risk penalties, including having the complaint against them granted by default. Likewise, a complainant that fails to respond promptly to a Commission order regarding discovery will risk having its complaint dismissed with prejudice. Finally, a party that fails to respond promptly to a request for discovery to which it has not raised a proper objection will be subject to these sanctions as well.
49. We understand that this approach requires the submission of confidential and extremely competitivelysensitive information. Accordingly, in order to appropriately safeguard this confidential information we believe it is necessary to utilize the protective order adopted for use in our program access proceedings (``Protective Order''), which we attach hereto as Appendix A.
50. A Protective Order constitutes both an Order of the Commission and an agreement between the party executing the declaration and the submitting party. The Commission has full authority to fashion appropriate sanctions for violations of its protective orders, including but not limited to suspension or disbarment of attorneys from practice before the Commission, forfeitures, cease and desist orders, and denial of further access to confidential information in Commission proceedings. We intend to vigorously enforce any transgressions of the provisions of our protective orders.
G. Annual Reporting of Leased Access Statistics
51. We adopt an annual reporting requirement for cable operators to submit information pertaining to leased access rates, usage, channel placement, and complaints, among other leased access matters. In the NPRM, we sought comment on various questions regarding the status of commercial leased access, such as the extent to which programmers are making use of commercial leased access channels, whether cable operators have denied requests for commercial leased access, whether cable operators use commercial leased access channels for their own purposes, and the effectiveness of the complaint process.
52. We did not receive a large number of comments containing industrywide data regarding use of leased access. As described below, to ensure that we have sufficient uptodate information on the status of leased access programming in the future, we adopt an annual reporting requirement for cable operators.
53. Discussion. We adopt an annual reporting requirement for cable operators pertaining to leased access rates, usage, channel placement, and complaints, among other leased access matters. We find that gathering uptodate information and statistics on an annual basis pertaining to leased access is critical to our efforts to track trends in commercial leased access rates and usage as well as to monitor any efforts by cable operators to impede use of commercial leased access channels. This information will allow us to determine whether further modifications to the commercial leased access rules we adopt herein are needed based on a more concrete factual setting. The Annual Report will require each cable system to provide the following information:
[[Page 10684]]
54. Each cable system must submit this report with the Commission by April 30th of each year. The report will request information for the preceding calendar year. We anticipate that any burdens associated with this annual reporting requirement will be limited, as the information requested should be readily available to cable operators.
55. We provide leased access programmers and other interested
parties with an opportunity to file comments on a voluntary basis with
the Commission responding to the cable operators' annual leased access
reports. These comments should be filed by May 15th of each year. We
invite commercial leased access programmers to provide information such as the following in these comments:
56. The revisions to the leased access rules we adopt herein withstand constitutional scrutiny. The leased access provision of the 1992 Cable Act has survived a facial First Amendment challenge in Time Warner Entertainment Co., L.P. v. FCC, 93 F.3d 957 (DC Cir. 1996) (``Time Warner''). The DC Circuit has already decided that the leased access provision of the 1992 Cable Act is not contentbased. The leased access provision does not favor or disfavor speech on the basis of the ideas contained therein; rather, it regulates speech based on affiliation with a cable operator. The court held in Time Warner that the provisions of the Cable Act that regulate speech based on affiliation with a cable operator are subject to intermediate scrutiny and are constitutional if the government's interest is important or substantial and the means chosen to promote that interest do not burden substantially more speech than necessary to achieve the aim. The Time Warner court found that there is a substantial government interest in promoting diversity and competition in the video programming marketplace. We find that this substantial government interest remains today. While MVPDs argue that there are more outlets today for independent programmers, such as the Internet, they fail to demonstrate that these alternative outlets can be considered sufficient to conclude that Congress's goals of promoting competition and diversity in passing the leased access provisions of the 1992 Cable Act have been achieved. The rules we adopt today simply implement the statutory requirements enacted by Congress.
57. We also reject the claim that the leased access rules deprive cable operators of the value of their property (i.e., channel capacity) without just compensation in violation of the Fifth Amendment. The Fifth Amendment ``takings'' clause requires ``just compensation'' for a government ``taking'' of private property. Moreover, the leased access provision of the 1992 Cable Act, as well as our rules implementing that provision, provide just compensation to cable operators for use of their channel capacity. We con
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT For additional information on this
proceeding, contact Steven Broeckaert, Steven.Broeckaert@fcc.gov; Katie
Costello, Katie.Costello@fcc.gov; or [[Page 10676]]
David Konczal, David.Konczal@fcc.gov; of the Media Bureau, Policy
Division, (202) 4182120. For additional information concerning the
Paperwork Reduction Act information collection requirements contained
in this document, contact Cathy Williams at 2024182918, or via the
Internet at PRA@fcc.gov.
Common CFR Searches
14 CFR Part 39 40 CFR Part 52 14 CFR Part 71 33 CFR Part 165 26 CFR Part 1 50 CFR Part 679 33 CFR Part 117 40 CFR Part 180 44 CFR Part 67 50 CFR Part 17 47 CFR Part 73 50 CFR Part 648 14 CFR Part 97 33 CFR Part 100 40 CFR Part 63 50 CFR Part 622 26 CFR Part 301 39 CFR Part 111 44 CFR Part 65 40 CFR Parts 52 and 81 40 CFR Part 271 14 CFR Part 23 47 CFR Part 76 40 CFR Part 300 21 CFR Part 522 50 CFR Part 660 50 CFR Part 229 47 CFR Part 64 7 CFR Part 301 14 CFR Part 25