Federal Register: November 30, 2010 (Volume 75, Number 229)

DOCID: fr30no10-37 FR Doc 2010-29248

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Western Area Power Administration

CFR Citation: 40 CFR Part 52

EPA ID: [EPA-R09-OAR-2010-0516; FRL-9229-4]

NOTICE: Part IV

DOCID: fr30no10-37

DOCUMENT ACTION: Proposed rule.

SUBJECT CATEGORY:

Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; State of California; 2008 San Joaquin Valley State Implementation Plan for Fine Particulate Matter; 2007 State Strategy; PM[bdi2].[bdi5]

DATES: Any comments must arrive by January 31, 2011.

DOCUMENT SUMMARY:

EPA is proposing to approve in part and disapprove in part state implementation plan (SIP) revisions submitted by California to provide for attainment of the 1997 annual and 24hour fine particulate matter (PM2.5) national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) nonattainment area. The SIP revisions are the SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan (revised 2010) and portions of the 2007 State Strategy (revised 2009). Specifically, EPA is proposing to approve the emissions inventories as meeting the requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA's fine particle implementing rule and to approve commitments to implement specific measures and meet specific aggregate emissions reductions by the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District and the California Air Resource Board. In addition, we are proposing to find that volatile organic compounds are a PM2.5 attainment plan precursor in the SJV for which controls should be evaluated. EPA is proposing to disapprove the attainment demonstration. EPA is also proposing to disapprove the reasonably available control measures/reasonably available control technology demonstration, the air quality modeling, the reasonable further progress (RFP) demonstration, the contingency measures, and the attainment and RFP conformity motor vehicle emissions budgets. EPA is also proposing to not grant California's request to extend to April 5, 2015 the deadline for the SJV nonattainment area to attain the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

SUMMARY:

Environmental Protection Agency

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

Throughout this document, we, us and our refer to EPA.
Table of Contents
I. The PM2.5 NAAQS and the San Joaquin Valley
PM2.5 Nonattainment Area
II. California's State Implementation Plan Submittals to Address PM2.5 Attainment in the San Joaquin Valley
A. California's SIP Submittals

1. SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan

2. CARB 2007 State Strategy
B. CAA Procedural and Administrative Requirements for SIP Submittals III. CAA and Regulatory Requirements for PM2.5 Attainment SIPs
IV. Review of the SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan and the SJV Portion of the Revised 2007 State Strategy
A. Summary of EPA's Proposed Actions
B. Emissions Inventories

1. Requirements for Emissions Inventories

2. Emissions Inventories in the SJV PM2.5 SIP

3. Proposed Action on the Emissions Inventories
C. Reasonably Available Control Measures/Reasonably Available Control Technology Demonstration and the Adopted Control Strategy

1. Requirement for RACM/RACT

2. RACM/RACT Demonstration in the SJV PM2.5 SIP

a. SJVAPCD's RACM/RACT Analysis and Adopted Control Strategy

b. CARB's RACM Analysis and Adopted Control Strategy

c. Local Jurisdictions' RACM Analysis

3. Proposed Actions on RACM/RACT Demonstration and Adopted Control Strategy
D. Attainment Demonstration

1. Requirements for Attainment Demonstrations

2. Air Quality Modeling in the SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan

3. PM2.5 Attainment Plan Precursors

4. Extension of the Attainment Date

5. Attainment Demonstration

a. Enforceable Commitments

i. Commitment must Represent a Limited Portion of Required Reductions

ii. The State must be Capable of Fulfilling its Commitment

iii. The Commitment must be for a Reasonable and Appropriate Period of Time

6. Proposed Action on the Attainment Demonstration E. Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration

1. Requirements for RFP

2. The RFP Demonstration in the SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan

3. Proposed Action on the RFP Demonstration
F. Contingency Measures

1. Requirements for Contingency Measures

2. Contingency Measures in the SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan

3. Proposed Action on the Contingency Measures
G. Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets for Transportation Conformity [[Page 74519]]

1. Requirements for Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets

2. Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets in the SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan

3. April 23, 2010 Budget Adequacy/Inadequacy Finding

4. Proposed Finding and Action on the Budgets
H. MidCourse Review
I. InterPollutant Trading for PM2.5 Offsets
V. EPA's Proposed Actions and Potential Consequences
A. EPA's Proposed Approvals and Disapprovals
B. CAA Consequences of a Final Disapproval
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. The PM2.5 NAAQS and the San Joaquin Valley
PM2.5 Nonattainment Area

On July 18, 1997 (62 FR 36852), EPA established new national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for PM2.5, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less, including annual standards of 15.0 [mu]g/m\3\ based on a 3year average of annual mean PM2.5 concentrations and 24hour (daily) standards of 65 [mu]g/m\3\ based on a 3year average of the 98th percentile of 24hour concentrations. 40 CFR 50.7. EPA established the standards based on substantial evidence from numerous health studies demonstrating that serious health effects are associated with exposures to
PM2.5 concentrations above the levels of these standards.

Epidemiological studies have shown statistically significant correlations between elevated PM2.5 levels and premature mortality. Other important health effects associated with
PM2.5 exposure include aggravation of respiratory and cardiovascular disease (as indicated by increased hospital admissions, emergency room visits, absences from school or work, and restricted activity days), changes in lung function and increased respiratory symptoms, as well as new evidence for more subtle indicators of cardiovascular health. Individuals particularly sensitive to PM2.5 exposure include older adults, people with heart and lung disease, and children. See, EPA, Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, No. EPA/600/P99/002aF and EPA/600/P99/002bF, October 2004.

PM2.5 can be emitted directly into the atmosphere as a solid or liquid particle (primary PM2.5 or direct PM2.5) or can be formed in the atmosphere as a result of various chemical reactions from precursor emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and ammonia (secondary PM2.5). See 72 FR 20586, 20589 (April 25, 2007).

Following promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS, EPA is required by Clean Air Act (CAA) section 107(d) to designate areas throughout the nation as attaining or not attaining the NAAQS. On January 5, 2005, EPA published initial air quality designations for the 1997
PM2.5 NAAQS, based on air quality monitoring data for the threeyear periods of 20012003 or 20022004. 70 FR 944. These designations became effective on April 5, 2005.\1\
\1\ On October 17, 2006, EPA strengthened the 24hour
PM2.5 NAAQS by lowering the level to 35 [mu]g/m\3\. At the same time, it retained the level of the annual PM2.5 standards at 15.0 [mu]g/m\3\. 71 FR 61144. On November 13, 2006, EPA designated areas, including the SJV, with respect to the revised 24 hour NAAQS. 74 FR 58688. California is now required to submit an attainment plan for the 35 [mu]g/m\3\ 24hour standards no later than 3 years after the effective date of the designation, that is, no later than December 14, 2012. In this preamble, all references to the PM2.5 NAAQS, unless otherwise specified, are to the 1997 24hour PM2.5 standards of 65 [mu]g/m\3\ and annual standards of 15 [mu]g/m\3\ as codified in 40 CFR Sec. 50.7.

EPA designated the San Joaquin Valley (SJV), in the southern part of California's Central Valley, nonattainment for both the 1997 annual and 24hour PM2.5 standards. 40 CFR 81.305. The SJV PM2.5 nonattainment area is home to 4 million people and is the nation's leading agricultural area. Stretching over 250 miles from north to south and averaging 80 miles wide, it is partially enclosed by the Coast Mountain range to the west, the Tehachapi Mountains to the south, and the Sierra Nevada range to the east. It encompasses over 23,000 square miles and includes all or part of eight counties: San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Tulare, Kings, and the valley portion of Kern. For a precise description of the geographic boundaries of the San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 nonattainment area, see 40 CFR Sec. 81.305. The local air district with primary responsibility for developing a plan to attain the PM2.5 NAAQS in this area is the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD or District).

Ambient annual and 24hour PM2.5 levels in the urban Bakersfield area in the southern SJV are the highest recorded in the United States at 22.6 [mu]g/m\3\ and 70 [mu]g/m\3\, respectively, for the 20072009 period.\2\ In the SJV, the levels and composition of ambient PM2.5 differ by season. 2008 PM2.5 Plan, Figures H4 and H5. Higher PM2.5 concentrations occur during the winter, between late November and February, when ambient PM2.5 is dominated by ammonium nitrate, formed from NOX and ammonia emissions, and directlyemitted
particulates, such as wood smoke. During the winter, the SJV experiences extended periods of stagnant weather with cold, damp, foggy conditions which are conducive to the formation of secondary ammonium nitrate particulates and encourage wood burning. During the summer, PM2.5 levels generally remain below 15 [mu]g/m\3\, the level of the annual standards. 2008 PM2.5 Plan, Figures H6 and H 7.
\2\ See EPA, Air Quality System, Design Value Report, August 9, 2010. These values are the highest design values in the SJV. A design value is an ambient concentration calculated using a specific methodology from monitored air quality data and is used to compare an area's air quality to a NAAQS. The methodologies for calculating design values for the annual and 24hour PM2.5 NAAQS are found in 40 CFR part 50 Appendix N Sections 1(c)(1) and (c)(2), respectively.
II. California's State Implementation Plan Submittals to Address PM2.5 Nonattainment in the San Joaquin Valley

A. California's SIP Submittals

Designation of an area as nonattainment starts the process for a state to develop and submit to EPA a state implementation plan (SIP) under title 1, part D of the CAA. This SIP must include, among other things, a demonstration of how the NAAQS will be attained in the nonattainment area as expeditiously as practicable but no later than the date required by the CAA. Under CAA section 172(b), a state has up to three years after an area's designation as nonattainment to submit its SIP to EPA. For the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS, these SIPs were due no later than April 5, 2008.

California has made several SIP submittals to address the CAA's PM2.5 attainment planning requirements in the San Joaquin Valley. The two principal ones are the SJVAPCD's 2008 PM2.5 Plan (2008 PM2.5 Plan or Plan) and the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) State Strategy for California's 2007 State Implementation Plan (2007 State Strategy).

In addition to these submittals, the District and State have also submitted numerous rules that contribute to improving air quality in the San Joaquin Valley. EPA has approved many of these rules. See Appendices A and B of the technical support document (TSD) for this proposal.
1. SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan

The 2008 PM2.5 Plan was adopted by the District's Governing Board on April 30, 2008 and by CARB on May 22, 2008 and submitted to EPA on June 30, 2008.\3\ It includes an attainment [[Page 74520]]
demonstration, commitments by the SJVAPCD to adopt control measures to achieve emissions reductions from sources under its jurisdiction (primarily stationary sources), and motorvehicle emissions budgets used for transportation conformity purposes. The attainment demonstration includes air quality modeling, a reasonable further progress (RFP) plan, an analysis of reasonably available control measures/reasonably available control technology (RACM/RACT), base year and projected year emissions inventories, and contingency measures. The 2008 PM2.5 Plan also includes the District's demonstration that attainment of the PM2.5 standards in the SJV will require significant reductions in NOX and PM2.5 emissions (50 percent and 25 percent from 2005 levels, respectively) and that the most expeditious date for attaining the 1997
PM2.5 NAAQS in the San Joaquin Valley is April 5, 2015. On September 15, 2010, CARB submitted a minor revision to the 2008 PM2.5 Plan's control strategy to extend the adoption date for one control measure.\4\ Future references to the 2008
PM2.5 Plan in this proposal will be to the Plan as revised in 2010.
\3\ See San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Governing Board Resolution: In the Matter of Adopting the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District 2008 PM2.5 Plan, April 30, 2008 (SJVAPCD Governing Board Resolution), CARB Resolution No. 0828, May 22, 2008; and letter, James N. Goldstene, Executive Officer, CARB to Wayne Nastri, Regional Administrator, EPA Region 9, June 30, 2008, with
enclosures.
\4\ See letter, James N. Goldstene, Executive Officer, CARB to Jared Blumenfeld, Regional Administrator, EPA Region 9, September 15, 2010, with enclosures.

2. CARB 2007 State Strategy

To demonstrate attainment, the 2008 PM2.5 Plan relies in part on measures in CARB's 2007 State Strategy. The 2007 State Strategy was adopted by CARB on September 27, 2007 and submitted to EPA on November 16, 2007.\5\ It discusses CARB's overall approach to addressing, in conjunction with local plans, attainment of both the 1997 PM2.5 and 8hour ozone NAAQS not only in the San Joaquin Valley but also in California's other nonattainment areas such as the South Coast Air Basin and the Sacramento area. It also includes CARB's commitments to propose 15 defined State measures \6\ and to obtain specific amounts of aggregate emissions reductions of direct PM2.5, nitrogen oxides (NOX), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the SJV from sources under the State's jurisdiction, which are primarily on and offroad motor vehicles and engines.
\5\ See CARB Resolution No. 0728, September 27, 2007 with attachments and letter, James N. Goldstene, Executive Officer, CARB, to Wayne Nastri, Regional Administrator, EPA Region 9, November 16, 2007 with enclosures.
\6\ The 2007 State Strategy also includes measures to be implemented by the California Bureau of Automotive Repair (Smog Check improvements) and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (VOC reductions from pesticide use). See 2007 State Strategy, pp. 6465 and CARB Resolution 728, Attachment B, p. 8.

On August 12, 2009, CARB submitted the ``Status Report on the State Strategy for California's 2007 State Implementation Plan (SIP) and Proposed Revision to the SIP Reflecting Implementation of the 2007 State Strategy,'' dated March 24, 2009, adopted April 24, 2009 (2009 State Strategy Status Report) \7\ which updates the 2007 State Strategy to reflect its implementation during 2007 and 2008.\8\
\7\ See CARB Resolution No. 0934, April 21, 2009, with attachments and letter, James N. Goldstene, Executive Officer, CARB, to Laura Yoshii, Acting Regional Administrator, EPA Region 9, August 12, 2009 with enclosures. Only pages 1127 of the 2009 State Strategy Status Report are submitted as a SIP revision. The balance is for informational purposes only. See Attachment A to the CARB Resolution No. 0934.
\8\ We will also refer to the 2007 State Strategy as revised in 2009 as the revised 2007 State Strategy.

In today's proposal, we are only evaluating those portions of the 2007 State Strategy as revised in 2009 that are relevant for attainment of the 1997 PM2.5 standards in the San Joaquin Valley. B. CAA Procedural and Administrative Requirements for SIP Submittals

CAA sections 110(a)(1) and (2) and 110(l) require a state to provide reasonable public notice and opportunity for public hearing prior to the adoption and submittal of a SIP or SIP revision. To meet this requirement, every SIP submittal should include evidence that adequate public notice was given and a public hearing was held on it consistent with EPA's implementing regulations in 40 CFR 51.102.

Both the SJVAPCD and CARB have satisfied applicable statutory and regulatory requirements for reasonable public notice and hearing prior to adoption and submittal of the 2008 PM2.5 Plan. The District conducted public workshops, provided public comment periods, and held a public hearing prior to the adoption of the Plan on April 30, 2008. See 2008 PM2.5 Plan, Appendix J and SJVAPCD Governing Board Resolution, p. 3. CARB provided the required public notice and opportunity for public comment prior to its May 22, 2008 public hearing on the Plan. See CARB Resolution No. 0828. The District also provided the required public notice and hearing on the 2010 revision to the Plan. See SJVAPCD Governing Board Resolution No. 1006 18.

CARB conducted public workshops, provided public comment periods, and held a public hearing prior to the adoption of the 2007 State Strategy on September 27, 2007. See CARB Resolution No. 0728. CARB also provided the required public notice, opportunity for public comment, and a public hearing prior to its April 24, 2009 adoption of the 2009 State Strategy Status Report. See CARB Resolution No. 0934.

The SIP submittals include proof of publication for notices of SJVAPCD and CARB public hearings, as evidence that all hearings were properly noticed. We find, therefore, that each of the four submittals that comprise the SJV PM2.5 SIP meets the procedural requirements of CAA sections 110(a) and 110(l).

CAA section 110(k)(1)(B) requires EPA to determine whether a SIP submittal is complete within 60 days of receipt. This section also provides that any plan that EPA has not affirmatively determined to be complete or incomplete will become complete six months after the date of submittal by operation of law. EPA's SIP completeness criteria are found in 40 CFR part 51, Appendix V.

The June 30, 2008 submittal of the 2008 PM2.5 Plan became complete by operation of law on December 30, 2008. We found the 2010 revision to the Plan complete on September 23, 2010.\9\ The November 16, 2007 submittal of the 2007 State Strategy and the August 12, 2009 submittal of the 2009 revisions to the Strategy became complete by operation of law on May 16, 2008 and February 12, 2010, respectively.
\9\ Letter, Deborah Jordan, EPARegion 9 to James Goldstene, CARB, September 23, 2010.
III. CAA and Regulatory Requirements for PM2.5 Attainment SIPs

EPA is implementing the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS under Title 1, Part D, subpart 1 of the CAA, which includes section 172,
``Nonattainment plan provisions.'' Section 172(a)(2) requires that a PM2.5 nonattainment area attain the NAAQS as ``as expeditiously as practicable'' but no later than five years from the date of the area's designation as nonattainment. This section also allows EPA to grant up to a fiveyear extension of an area's attainment date based on the severity of the area's nonattainment and the availability and feasibility of controls. EPA designated the SJV as nonattainment effective April 5, 2005, and thus the applicable attainment date is no later than April 5, 2010 or, should EPA grant a full fiveyear extension, no later than April 5, 2015.

[[Page 74521]]

Section 172(c) contains the general statutory planning requirements applicable to all nonattainment areas, including the requirements for emissions inventories, RACM/RACT, attainment demonstrations, RFP demonstrations, and contingency measures.

On April 25, 2007, EPA issued the Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule for the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS. 72 FR 20586, codified at 40 CFR part 51, subpart Z (PM2.5 implementation rule). The PM2.5 implementation rule and its preamble address the statutory planning requirements for emissions inventories, RACM/RACT, attainment demonstrations including air quality modeling requirements, RFP demonstrations, and contingency measures. This rule also addresses other matters such as which PM2.5 precursors must be addressed by the state in its PM2.5 attainment SIP, applicable attainment dates, and the requirement for midcourse reviews.\10\ We will discuss each of these CAA and regulatory requirements for PM2.5 attainment plans in more detail below.
\10\ In June 2007, a petition to the EPA Administrator was filed on behalf of several public health and environmental groups requesting reconsideration of four provisions in the
PM2.5 implementation rule. See Earthjustice, Petition for Reconsideration, ``In the Matter of Final Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule,'' June 25, 2007. These provisions are (1) The presumption that compliance with the Clean Air Interstate Rule satisfies the NOX and SO2 RACT requirements for electric generating units; (2) the deferral of the requirement to establish emission limits for condensable particulate matter (CPM) until January 1, 2011; (3) revisions to the criteria for analyzing the economic feasibility of RACT; and (4) the use of out ofarea emissions reductions to demonstrate RFP. These provisions are found in the PM2.5 implementation rule and preamble at 2062320628, 40 CFR 51.1002(c), 2061920620, and 20636,
respectively. On May 13, 2010, EPA granted the petition with respect to the fourth issue. Letter, Gina McCarthy, EPA, to David Baron and Paul Cort, Earthjustice, May 13, 2010. EPA is currently considering the other issues raised in the petition.

Neither the District nor the State relied on the first, third, or fourth of these provisions in preparing the 2008 PM2.5 Plan or the 2007 State Strategy. The District has deferred some, but not all, CPM limits in its rules. EPA does not believe this deferral affects its proposed disapproval actions on the SIP's RACM/RACT or expeditious attainment demonstrations. See section II.D.3 of the TSD for this proposal. We will evaluate any rule adopted or revised by the District after January 1, 2011 to assure that it appropriately addresses CPM.
IV. Review of the SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan and the SJV Portion of the Revised 2007 State Strategy

A. Summary of EPA's Proposed Actions

EPA is proposing to approve in part and disapprove in part the SJV 2008 PM2.5 Plan and those portions of the 2007 State Strategy as revised in 2009 specific to PM2.5 attainment in the SJV.

We are proposing to approve the emissions inventories in these SIP revisions as meeting the applicable requirements of the CAA and PM2.5 implementation rule. We are also proposing to approve the District's and CARB's commitments to specific measures and specific aggregate emissions reductions in these SIP revisions as strengthening the SIP.

In addition, we are proposing to find that volatile organic compounds (VOC) are a PM2.5 attainment plan precursor that must be addressed in the RACM/RACT analysis, RFP and attainment demonstrations, and for other PM2.5 SIP control requirements. The Plan as submitted does not treat VOC as a PM2.5 attainment plan precursor.

We are proposing to disapprove the air quality modeling analysis on which the 2008 PM2.5 Plan's attainment, RACM/RACT, and RFP demonstrations and the State's attainment date extension request are based because the Plan does not currently include sufficient documentation and analysis for EPA to determine the modeling's adequacy.

Based on our proposed finding that VOC should be a PM2.5 attainment plan precursor and our proposed disapproval of the air quality modeling, we are proposing to disapprove the 2008
PM2.5 Plan's RACM/RACT analysis and the RFP and attainment demonstrations and related contingency measures as not meeting the applicable requirements of the CAA and PM2.5 implementation rule. We are also proposing to disapprove the transportation conformity motor vehicle emissions budgets for the RFP milestone years of 2009 and 2012 and the attainment year of 2014.\11\ We are proposing to disapprove the attainment demonstration for the additional reason that it relies too extensively on commitments to emissions reductions in lieu of fully adopted and submitted rules. Rules that have either not been adopted in final form or have not been submitted to and approved by EPA cannot be credited toward the attainment demonstration. Finally, we are proposing to not grant the State's request to extend the attainment date for the PM2.5 NAAQS in the SJV to April 5, 2015.
\11\ While the attainment date for PM2.5 areas with a full fiveyear extension would be April 5 2015, reductions must be implemented by 2014 to achieve attainment by that date. See 40 CFR 51.1007(b). We refer, therefore, to 2014 as the attainment year and April 5, 2015 as the attainment date.

EPA's analysis and findings are summarized below and are described in more detail in the TSD for this proposal which is available online at http://www.regulations.gov in the docket, EPAR09OAR20100516, or from the EPA contact listed at the beginning of this notice. B. Emissions Inventories

1. Requirements for Emissions Inventories

CAA section 172(c)(3) requires states to submit a ``comprehensive, accurate, current inventory of actual emissions from all sources of the relevant pollutant.'' The PM2.5 implementation rule requires a state to include direct PM2.5 emissions and emissions of all PM2.5 precursors in this inventory, even if it has determined that control of any of these precursors is not necessary for expeditious attainment. 40 CFR 51.1008(a)(1) and 72 FR 20586 at 20648. Direct PM2.5 includes condensable particulate matter. 40 CFR 51.1000. PM2.5 precursors are NOX,
SO2, VOC, and ammonia. Id. The inventories should meet the data requirements of EPA's Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (codified at 40 CFR part 51 subpart A) and include any additional inventory information needed to support the SIP's attainment demonstration and (where applicable) RFP demonstration. 40 CFR 51.1008(a)(1) and (2).

A baseline emissions inventory is required for the attainment demonstration and for meeting RFP requirements. As determined on the date of designation, the base year for this inventory should be the most recent calendar year for which a complete inventory was required to be submitted to EPA. The baseline emissions inventory for calendar year 2002 or other suitable year should be used for attainment planning and RFP plans for areas initially designated nonattainment for the PM2.5 NAAQS in 2005. 40 CFR 51.1008(b).

EPA has provided additional guidance for PM2.5 emissions inventories in ``Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulations,'' November 2005 (EPA454/R05001).
2. Emissions Inventories in the SJV PM2.5 SIP

The baseline planning inventories for direct PM2.5 and all PM2.5 precursors for the SJV PM2.5 nonattainment area together with additional documentation for the inventories are found in Appendix B of the 2008 PM2.5 Plan. Both average winter day and average annual day baseline inventories are provided for the year 2005 (the reference year for the air quality [[Page 74522]]
modeling) and each year from 2009 to 2014. These baseline inventories incorporate reductions from federal, State, and District measures adopted prior to 2007. 2008 PM2.5 Plan, p. B1 and 2007 State Strategy, Appendix A, p. 1. A winter inventory is provided because the majority of high PM2.5 days in the SJV occur during the winter months between November and February. 2008 PM2.5 Plan, Figures H4 and H5.

Table 1 is a summary of the average annual day inventories of direct PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors for the baseline year of 2005 and the projected attainment year of 2014. These inventories provide the basis for the control measure analysis and the RFP and attainment demonstrations in the 2008 PM2.5 Plan.

As a starting point for the 2008 PM2.5 Plan's inventories, the District used CARB's 2002 base year inventory. An example of this inventory and CARB's documentation for its inventories can be found in Appendices A and F, respectively, of the 2007 State Strategy. The 2002 inventory for the SJV was projected to 2005 and future years using CARB's California emissions forecasting system (CEFSv 1.06). 2008 PM2.5 Plan, p. B1. Both base year and baseline inventories use the most current version of California's mobile source emissions model approved by EPA for use in SIPs, EMFAC2007, for estimating onroad motor vehicle emissions. 73 FR 3464 (January 18, 2008). Offroad inventories were developed using the CARB offroad model.
Table 1San Joaquin Valley Emissions Inventory Summary for PM2.5 and PM2.5 Precursors for the 2005 Base Year and 2014 Attainment Year [Annual average day emissions in tons per day] PM2.5 NOX SO2 VOC Ammonia Emissions inventory category 2005 2014 2005 2014 2005 2014 2005 2014 2005 2014 Stationary Sources.......................................... 13.3 14.4 80.1 56.5 20.4 22.0 121.5 129.5 19.8 23.0 Area Sources................................................ 51.5 45.2 13.5 10.7 0.9 0.9 140.7 128.0 355.9 423.1 OnRoad Mobile Sources...................................... 12.1 8.9 327.9 206.7 2.6 0.7 94.8 57.2 6.2 4.8 OffRoad Mobile Sources..................................... 9.0 6.6 153.9 102.2 2.4 0.8 62.7 48.5 0 0

Total................................................... 86.0 75.0 575.4 376.2 26.4 24.5 419.8 363.2 382.0 451.0 3. Proposed Action on the Emissions Inventories

We have reviewed the emissions inventories in the 2008 PM2.5 Plan and the inventory methodologies used by SJVAPCD and CARB for consistency with CAA requirements, the PM2.5 implementation rule, and EPA's guidance. We find that the base year and projected baseline year inventories are comprehensive, accurate, and current inventories of actual or projected emissions of
PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors in the SJV nonattainment area as of the date of their submittal. We propose, therefore, to approve these inventories as meeting the requirements of CAA section 172(c)(3), the PM2.5 implementation rule and applicable EPA guidance. We provide more detail on our review of the inventories in section II.A. of the TSD.
C. Reasonably Available Control Measures/Reasonably Available Control Technology Demonstration and Adopted Control Strategy

1. Requirements for RACM/RACT

CAA section 172(c)(1) requires that each attainment plan ``provide for the implementation of all reasonably available control measures [RACM] as expeditiously as practicable (including such reductions in emissions from existing sources in the area as may be obtained through the adoption, at a minimum, of reasonably available control technology [RACT]), and shall provide for attainment of the national primary ambient air quality standards.'' EPA defines RACM as measures that a state finds are both reasonably available and contribute to attainment as expeditiously as practicable in its nonattainment area. Thus, what constitutes RACM/RACT in a PM2.5 attainment plan is closely tied to that plan's expeditious attainment demonstration. 40 CFR 51.1010; 72 FR 20586 at 20612. States are required to evaluate RACM/ RACT for direct PM2.5 and all of its attainment plan precursors. 40 CFR 51.1002(c).

For PM2.5 attainment plans, EPA is requiring a combined approach to RACM and RACT under subpart 1 of Part D of the CAA. Subpart 1, unlike subparts 2 and 4, does not identify specific source categories for which EPA must issue control technology documents or guidelines, or identify specific source categories for state and EPA evaluation during attainment plan development. 72 FR 20586 at 20610. Rather, under subpart 1, EPA considers RACT to be part of an area's overall RACM obligation. Because of the variable nature of the PM2.5 problem in different nonattainment areas which may require states to develop attainment plans that address widely disparate circumstances, EPA determined not only that states should have flexibility with respect to RACT and RACM controls but also that in areas needing significant emission reductions to attain the standards, RACT/RACM controls on smaller sources may be necessary to reach attainment as expeditiously as practicable. 72 FR 20586 at 20612, 20615. Thus, under the PM2.5 implementation rule, RACT and RACM are those reasonably available measures that contribute to attainment as expeditiously as practicable in the specific nonattainment area. 40 CFR 51.1010; 72 FR 20586 at 20612.

Specifically, the PM2.5 implementation rule requires that attainment plans include the list of measures a state considered and information sufficient to show that the state met all requirements for the determination of what constitutes RACM/RACT in a specific nonattainment area. 40 CFR 51.1010(a). In addition, the rule requires that the state, in determining whether a particular emissions reduction measure or set of measures must be adopted as RACM/RACT, consider the cumulative impact of implementing the available measures and to adopt as RACM/RACT any potential measures that are reasonably available considering technological and economic feasibility if, considered collectively, they would advance the attainment date by one year or more. Any measures that are necessary to meet these requirements which are not already either federally promulgated, part of the state's SIP, or otherwise creditable in SIPs must be submitted in enforceable form as part of
[[Page 74523]]
a state's attainment plan for the area. 72 FR 20586 at 20614.

A more comprehensive discussion of the RACM/RACT requirement for PM2.5 attainment plans and EPA's guidance for it can be found in the PM2.5 implementation rule preamble (72 FR 20586 at 2060920633) and in section II.D. of the TSD.
2. RACM/RACT Demonstration in the SJV PM[bdi2].[bdi5] SIP

The 2008 PM2.5 Plan and the 2007 State Strategy are the latest in a series of air quality plans that the District and CARB have developed to provide for attainment of the federal air quality standards in the SJV. These planning efforts have resulted in a comprehensive set of rules and programs that address the vast majority of emissions sources in the Valley. Many of these District and State rules are among the most stringent in the nation.

For the 2008 PM2.5 Plan and the 2007 State Strategy, the District, CARB, and the local agencies (through the SJV's eight metropolitan planning organizations (MPO)) each undertook a process to identify and evaluate potential reasonably available control measures that could contribute to expeditious attainment of the PM2.5 standards in the SJV. We describe each agency's efforts below. a. SJVAPCD's RACM/RACT Analysis and Adopted Control Strategy

The District's RACM/RACT analysis, which focuses on stationary and area source controls, is described in Chapter 6 and Appendix I of the 2008 PM2.5 Plan. To identify potential RACM/RACT, the District reviewed potential measures from a number of sources including EPA's list of potential control measures in the PM2.5 implementation rule preamble (72 FR 20586 at 20621), measures in other nonattainment areas' plans, and measures suggested by the public during development of the 2008 PM2.5 Plan. 2008 PM2.5 Plan, pp. 66 to 68. The identified potential measures, as well as existing District measures, are described by emissions inventory category in Appendix I. These measures address emissions of direct PM2.5, NOX and SO2. See 2008 PM2.5 Plan, p. 68 and Appendix I. Potential RACM/RACT controls for VOC or ammonia were not specifically identified or evaluated.

From the set of identified potential controls for PM2.5, NOX, and SO2, the District selected measures for adoption and implementation based on the technological feasibility and practicality of emissions controls, the potential magnitude and timing of emissions reductions, cost effectiveness, and other acceptable criteria. 2008 PM2.5 Plan, p. 67.

After completing its RACM/RACT analysis for stationary and area sources under its jurisdiction, the District developed its ``Stationary Source Regulatory Implementation Schedule'' (2008 PM2.5 Plan, Table 62) which gives the schedule for regulatory adoption and implementation of the selected RACM/RACT measures. The District also identified a number of source categories for which feasibility studies would be undertaken to refine the inventory and evaluate potential controls. These categories and the schedule for studying them are listed in Table 64 of the 2008 PM2.5 Plan.

In the five years prior to the adoption of the 2008 PM2.5 Plan, the SJVAPCD developed and implemented comprehensive plans to address attainment of the PM10 standards (2003 PM10 Plan, approved 69 FR 30005 (May 26, 2004)), the 1hour ozone standards (2004 Extreme Ozone Attainment Plan, approved 75 FR 10420 (March 8, 2010)), and the 8hour ozone standards (2007 Ozone Plan, submitted November 16, 2007). These plans for other NAAQS have resulted in the adoption by the District of many new rules and revisions to existing rules for stationary and area sources in the SJV. In general, the SJVAPCD's current rules are equivalent to or more stringent than those developed by other air districts. In addition to these stationary and area source measures, the District has also adopted an indirect source review rule, Rule 9510, to address increased indirect emissions from new industrial, commercial and residential developments. See SJVAPCD Rule 9510 ``Indirect Source Review,'' adopted December 15, 2005. EPA proposed to approve this rule as a revision to the California SIP on May 21, 2010. 75 FR 28509. The District also operates incentive grant programs including the Carl Moyer program,\12\ to accelerate turnover of existing stationary and mobile engines to cleaner units. 2008 PM2.5 Plan, Section 6.5.
\12\ The Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program provides incentive grants for engines, equipment and other sources of pollution that are cleaner than required by
federal,State, or local rules, providing early or extra emission reductions. Eligible projects include cleaner onroad, offroad, marine, locomotive and stationary agricultural pump engines. The program achieves nearterm reductions in emissions of
NOX, PM, and VOC.

For the 2008 PM2.5 Plan, the District identified and committed to adopting and implementing 13 new control measures for direct PM2.5, NOX, and/or SO2. In Table 2 below, we list these measures, which mostly involve strengthening existing District rules, along with their anticipated and actual adoption, initial implementation, and final compliance dates. As can be seen from Table 2, the District has met its intended rulemaking schedule and has only two rule actions remaining (SCOM6 and SCOM 10). On Table 3, we list the expected emissions reductions from each measure. We note, however, that the District's commitment is only to the aggregate emissions reductions of direct PM2.5, NOX, and SO2 shown. See 2008 PM2.5 Plan, p. 69 and SJVUAPCD Governing Board Resolution, p. 5. The reductions listed on Table 3 are those anticipated to be achievable from each measure at the time the 2008 PM2.5 Plan was adopted. Actual reductions from each measure once adopted may be greater or less than those anticipated. Finally, on Table 4 we give the current SIP submittal and approval status of the measures in the Plan. Table 2San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District 2008 PM2.5 Plan Specific Rule Commitments Year

Measure number & District rule Rule making completion Actual adoption Compliance Actual compliance reductions Actual year description number date date date date start reductions start SAGR1................ 4103Open Burning 2nd Q2010............ April 2010........ 2010 June 2010........ 2009 2010 SCOM1................ 4320Advanced 3rd Q2008............ October 2008...... 2012 July 2012 to 2012 July 2011 Emissions January 2014. Reductions for
Boilers, Steam
Generators and
Process Heaters
(> 5 MMBtu/hr).
SCOM2................ 4307Boilers, 3rd Q2008............ October 2008...... 2012 July 2010 to 2012 July 2010 Steam Generators January 2016. and Process
Heaters (2 to 5
MMBtu/hr).
[[Page 74524]]
SCOM3................ 4308Boilers, 4th Q2009............ December 2009..... 2011 January 2011..... 2011 January 2011 Steam Generators
and Process
Heaters (0.075 to
< 2 MM Btu/hr).
SCOM5................ 4703Stationary 3rd Q2007............ September 2007.... 2012 January 2012..... 2012 July 2009 Gas Turbines.
SCOM6................ Rule 4702 4th Q2010............ Scheduled for 2012 TBD.............. 2012 TBD Reciprocating December 2010. Internal
Combustion
Engines.
SCOM7................ 4354Glass 3rd Q2008............ October 2008...... 2009 PM10 & SOx 2009 PM10 & SOxJune Melting Furnaces. Under revision.... January 2011. 2009 NOX limits NOX limits January 2014 January 2011 2018. SCOM9................ 4902Residential 1st Q2009............ March 2009........ Attrition Attrition........ 2011 January 2010 Water Heaters.
SCOM10............... 4905Natural Gas 4nd Q2014............ TBD............... Attrition TBD.............. 2015 TBD Fired, Fan Type
Residential
Central Furnaces.
SCOM14............... 4901Wood Burning 3rd Q2009............ October 2008...... 2010 2008............. 2010 2008 Fireplaces and
Wood Burning
Heaters.
SIND9................ 4692Commercial 2nd Q2009............ September 2009.... 2011 January 2011..... 2011 January 2011 Charbroiling.
SIND21............... 4311Flares...... 2nd Q2009............ June 2009......... 2010 July 2011........ 2010 July 2011 MTRAN1............... 9410Employer 4th Q2009............ December 2009..... 2012 January 2012..... 2012 January 2012 Based Trip
Reduction Program.
Source: 2008 PM2.5 Plan, Table 62. ``Actual'' information is taken from the individual rules as adopted or revised. [[Page 74525]]
Table 3San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District Estimated Emissions Reductions for 2008 PM2.5 Plan Specific Rule Commitments (tons per average annual day) NOX Emissions Reductions 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 SAGR1........................ 4103Open Burning..... 1.21 1.95 2.68 2.67 2.66 2.65 SCOM1........................ 4320Advanced 0 0 0 1.49 1.50 1.52 Emissions Reductions
for Boilers, Steam
Generators and Process
Heaters (> 5 MMBtu/hr).
SCOM3........................ 4308Boilers, Steam 0 0 0.12 0.27 0.39 0.55 Generators and Process
Heaters (0.075 to < 2
MMBtu/hr).
SCOM5........................ 4703Stationary Gas 0 0 0 2.21 2.21 2.21 Turbines.
SCOM7........................ 4354Glass Melting 1.22 1.25 1.18 1.60 1.67 1.58 Furnaces.
SCOM9........................ 4902Residential Water 0 0 0.20 0.25 0.32 0.40 Heaters.
SCOM14....................... 4901Wood Burning 0 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 Fireplaces and Wood

Burning Heaters.

Commitment to Total NOX ....................... 2.43 3.24 4.26 8.56 8.82 8.97 Reductions.
PM2.5 Emissions Reductions SAGR1........................ 4103Open Burning..... 1.60 2.57 3.53 3.52 3.50 3.49 SCOM1........................ 4320Advanced 0 0 0 0.23 0.24 0.24 Emissions Reductions
for Boilers, Steam
Generators and Process
Heaters (> 5 MMBtu/hr).
SCOM14....................... 4901Wood Burning 0 0.39 0.76 0.73 0.71 0.69 Fireplaces and Wood
Burning Heaters.
SIND9........................ 4692Commercial 0 0 2.17 2.21 2.25 2.28 Charbroiling.

Commitment to Total PM2.5 ....................... 1.60 2.96 4.46 \1\ 6.69 6.70 6.70 Reductions.
SO2 Emissions Reductions SAGR1........................ 4103Open Burning..... 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 SCOM1........................ 4320Advanced 0 0 0 0.76 0.76 0.76 Emissions Reductions
for Boilers, Steam
Generators and Process
Heaters (> 5 MMBtu/hr).
SCOM14....................... 4901Wood Burning 0 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Fireplaces and Wood
Burning Heaters.
MTRAN1....................... 9410Employer Based TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Trip Reduction

Programs.

Commitment to Total SO2 ....................... 0.06 0.11 0.16 0.92 0.92 0.92 Reductions.
This column sums to 6.46 tpd. Because the 4.46 tpd figure is given in Table 63b in the 2008 PM2.5 Plan and used in the attainment demonstration in Table 91 in the Plan, we are assuming that it reflects the District's intended emissions reductions commitment. [[Page 74526]]
Table 4SIP Submittal and Approval Status of SJVAPCD Rules in the 2008 PM2.5 Plan
Rule 4103Open Burning (Phase Not submitted.... Most current revision IV). of rule approved: May 17, 2007 at 74 FR 57907 (November 10, 2009) 4320Advanced Emissions Submitted........ Submittal date: March Reductions for Boilers, Steam 17, 2009 Submittal Generators and Process found complete: Heaters (> 5 MMBtu/hr). April 20, 2009 New rule
Rule 4307 Boilers, Steam Approved......... 75 FR 1715 (January Generators and Process 13, 2010) Heaters (2 to 5 MMBtu/hr).
Rule 4308 Boilers, Steam Submitted........ Submittal date: May Generators and Process 17, 2010 Submittal Heaters (0.075 to < 2 MMBtu/ found complete: June hr). 8, 2010 Most current revision of rule approved: October 20, 2005 at 72 FR 29887 (May 30, 2007) Rule 4703 Stationary Gas Approved......... 74 FR 53888 (October Turbines. 21, 2009) Rule 4702 Reciprocating Under Most current revision Internal Combustion Engines development, of rule approved: (2010 revisions). expected January 18, 2007 73 adoption FR 1819 (January 10, December 2010. 2008)
Rule 4354 Glass Melting Not Submitted.... Most current revision Furnaces (2008 revisions). of rule approved: August 17, 2006 at 72 FR 41894 (August 1, 2007) Rule 4902 Residential Water Approved......... 75 FR 24408 (May 5, Heaters. 2010)
4905Natural GasFired, Fan Adoption Most current version Type Residential Central scheduled for of the rule Furnaces. 2014. approved: October 20, 2005 at 72 FR 29886 (May 30, 2007) Rule 4901 Wood Burning Approved......... 74 FR 57907 (November Fireplaces and Wood Burning 10, 2009) Heaters.
Rule 4692 Commercial Submitted........ Submittal date: May Charbroiling. 17, 2010 Submittal found complete: June 8, 2010
Most current revision of rule approved: March 21, 2002 at 68 FR 33005 (June 3, 2003)
Rule 4311 Flares.............. Submitted........ Submittal date: January 10, 2010 Submittal found complete: February 4, 2010 Most current revision of rule approved: June 20, 2002 at 68 FR 8835 (February 26, 2003) Rule 9410 Employer Based Trip Submitted........ Submittal date: May Reduction Program. 17, 2010 Submittal found complete: June 8, 2010 New rule. b. CARB's RACM Analysis and Adopted Control Strategy

Source categories for which CARB has primary responsibility for reducing emissions in California include most new and existing on and offroad engines and vehicles, motor vehicle fuels, and consumer products. In addition, California has unique authority under CAA section 209 (subject to a waiver by EPA) to adopt and implement new emission standards for many categories of onroad vehicles and engines and new and inuse offroad vehicles and engines.

Given the need for significant emissions reductions from mobile and area sources to meet the NAAQS in California nonattainment areas, the State of California has been a leader in the development of some of the most stringent control measures nationwide for onroad and offroad mobile sources and the fuels that power them. These standards have reduced new car emissions by 99 percent and new truck emissions by 90 percent from uncontrolled levels. 2007 State Strategy, p. 37. The State is also working with EPA on goods movement activities and is implementing programs to reduce emissions from ship auxiliary engines, locomotives, harbor craft and new cargo handling equipment. In addition, the State has standards for lawn and garden equipment, recreational vehicles and boats, and other offroad sources that require newly manufactured equipment to be 8098 percent cleaner than their uncontrolled counterparts. Id. Finally, the State has adopted many measures that focus on achieving reductions from inuse mobile sources that include more stringent inspection and maintenance requirements in California's Smog Check program, truck and bus idling restrictions, and various incentive programs. Since 1994 alone, the State has taken more than 45 rulemaking actions and achieved most of the emissions reductions needed for attainment in the State's nonattainment areas. See 2007 State Strategy, pp. 3640. As is noted in the 2007 State Strategy, EPA has approved California's mobile source program as representing best available control measures. See 2007 State Strategy, Appendix G, 69 FR 5412 (February 4, 2004) and 69 FR 30006 (May 26, 2004) (proposed and final approval of SJV 2003 PM10 Plan).

CARB developed its proposed 2007 State Strategy after an extensive public consultation process to identify potential SIP measures. This process is described in the 2008 PM2.5 Plan at 711.\13\ From this process, CARB identified and committed to propose 15 new defined measures. These measures focus on cleaning up the inuse fleet as well as increasing the stringency of emissions standards for a number of engine categories, fuels, and consumer products. Many, if not most, of these measures are being proposed for adoption for the first time anywhere in the nation. They build on CARB's already comprehensive program described above that addresses emissions from all types of mobile sources and consumer products, through both regulations and incentive programs. See Appendix A of the TSD. Table 5 below lists the new defined measures in the 2007 State Strategy, which also include one measure each from the California Bureau of Automotive Repair and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. As shown in this table, the State has adopted many of the measures.
\13\ More information on this public process including presentations from the workshops and symposium that proceeded adoption of the 2007 State Strategy can be found at http:// www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/2007sip/2007sip.htm.
[[Page 74527]]
Table 52007 State Strategy Defined Measures Scheduled for Consideration and Current Status Primary area (SC and/ Defined state measure or SJV) Adoption year Current status Smog Check Improvements............ Both.................. 20072008............. Elements approved 75 FR 38023 (July 1, 2010). Expanded Vehicle Retirement........ Both.................. 20082014............. Adopted CARB June 2009; Bureau of Automotive Repair September 2010. Revisions to Reformulated Gasoline Both.................. 2007.................. Approved, see 75 FR 26653 Program. (May 2, 2010). Cleaner Inuse Heavy Duty Trucks... Both.................. 2008.................. Adopted 2008, pending revisions. Auxiliary Ship Cold Ironing and SC.................... 20072008............. Adopted December 2007. Other Clean Technologies.
Cleaner Main Ship Engines and Fuels SC.................... Fuel: 2007............ Adopted July 2007. Engines: 2009......... Port Truck Modernization........... SC.................... 20072008............. Adopted December 2007 and December 2008. Accelerated Introduction of Cleaner Both.................. 20072008............. In progress. Locomotives.
Clean Up Existing Harbor Crafts.... SC.................... 2007.................. Adopted November 2007, revised June 2010. Cleaner InUse OffRoad Engines.... Both.................. 2007.................. Adopted 2007, pending revisions. Cleaner InUse Agricultural SJV................... 2009.................. Ongoing through incentive Equipment. grant programs. New Emissions Standards for Both.................. 20092010............. Partial adoption, 2008; Recreational Boats. additional regulation in public review. Expanded OffRoad Recreational Both.................. By 2010............... Adopted November 2008. Vehicle Emissions Standards.
Enhanced Vapor Recovery for Above Both.................. 2007.................. Adopted June 2007. Ground Storage Tanks.
Additional Evaporative Emissions Both.................. By 2010............... Partial adoption, 2008. Standards.
Consumer Products Program (I & II). Both.................. 2008 & 20102012...... Phase IApproved 74 FR 57074 (November 4, 2009). Department of Pesticide Regulation. SJV................... 2008.................. Adopted 2008, amended 2009. SC = South Coast Air Basin. Source: 2009 State Strategy Status Report, p. 23 (footnotes in original not included)

Appendix A of the TSD includes a list of all measures adopted by CARB between 1990 and the beginning of 2007. These measures, reductions from which are reflected in the Plan's baseline inventories, fall into two categories: Measures that are subject to a waiver of Federal pre emption under CAA section 209 (section 209 waiver measures or waiver measures) and those for which the State is not required to obtain a waiver (nonwaiver measures). Emissions reductions from waiver measures are fully creditable in attainment and RFP demonstrations and may be used to meet other CAA requirements, such as contingency measures. See EPA's proposed approval of the SJV 1Hour Ozone Plan at 74 FR 33933, 33938 (July 14, 2009) and final approval at 75 FR 10420 (March 8, 2010). The State's baseline nonwaiver measures have generally all been approved by EPA into the SIP and as such are fully creditable for meeting CAA requirements.

In addition to the State's commitments to propose defined measures, the 2007 State Strategy includes enforceable commitments for direct PM2.5, NOX, and VOC emissions reductions from mobile source categories that are crucial for attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS in the San Joaquin Valley. For the SJV, the 2007 State Strategy includes State commitments to achieve 5 tpd of direct PM2.5, 76 tpd of NOX, and 23 tpd of VOC reductions. See 2007 State Strategy, p. 63 and CARB Resolution 0728, Attachment B, p. 6. The 2007 State Strategy indicates that the State expects to achieve these emissions reductions in the San Joaquin Valley by the projected attainment year of 2014 from the measures listed in Table 5 or other similar measures. In the 2007 State Strategy, CARB provides an estimated emissions reduction for each measure to show that, when considered together, these measures can meet the total commitment. CARB states, however, that its enforceable commitment is to achieve the aggregate emissions reductions for each pollutant by the given dates and not for a specific level of reductions from any specific measure. See 2007 State Strategy, p. 58. A summary of the estimates from the proposed measures is provided in Table 6 below.

As mentioned above, CARB's commitment is also to propose specific new measures that are identified and defined in the 2007 Strategy State. See 2007 State Strategy, pp. 6465 and 2009 State Strategy revisions, pp. 2223.
Table 6Expected Emissions Reductions from Defined Measures in the 2007 State Strategy for the San Joaquin Valley 2014 Tons Per Day Measure PM2.5 NOX VOC Smog Check Improvements (BAR)................................... 0.05 3.3 2.9 Expanded Vehicle Retirement..................................... 0.01 0.5 0.7 Modifications to Reformulated Gasoline Program.................. 2.9 Cleaner InUse HeavyDuty Trucks................................ 3.6 61.4 6.4 [[Page 74528]]
Accelerated Intro. Of Cleaner LineHaul Locomotives............. 0.2 7.2 0.5 Cleaner InUse OffRoad Equipmen

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT

Frances Wicher, Air Planning Office (AIR2), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX, (415) 972 3957, wicher.frances@epa.gov.

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